Journals of the
Lewis & Clark Expedition

[Lewis]

Not any occurrence today worthy of notice.    we live sumptuously on our wappetoe and Sturgeon.    the Anchovey is so delicate that they soon become tainted unless pickled or smoked.    the natives run a small stick through their gills and hang them in the smoke of their lodges, or kindle a small fire under them for the purpose of drying them.    they need no previous preperation of guting &c and will cure in 24 hours.    the natives do not appear to be very scrupelous about eating them when a little feated.— ^[1]    the fresh sturgeon they keep for many days by immersing it in water.    they coock their sturgeon by means of vapor or steam.    the process is as follows.    a brisk fire is kindled on which a parcel of stones are lad.    when the fire birns down and the stones are sufficiently heated, the stones are so arranged as to form a tolerable level surface, the sturgeon which had been previously cut into large fletches is now laid on the hot stones; a parsel of small boughs of bushes is next laid on and a second course of the sturgeon thus repating alternate layers of sturgeon and boughs untill the whole is put on which they design to cook.    it is next covered closely with matts and water is poared in such manner as to run in among the hot stones and the vapor arrising being confined by the mats, cooks the fish.    the whole process is performed in an hour, and the sturgeon thus cooked is much better than either boiled or roasted.

The turtle dove ^[2] and robbin are the same of our country and are found as well in the plain as open country.    the Columbian robbin ^[3] heretofore discribed seems to be the inhabitant of the woody country exclusively.    The Magpy ^[4] is most commonly found in the open country and are the same with those formerly discribed on the Missouri.    the large woodpecker or log cock, the lark woodpecker ^[5] and the small white woodpecker with a read head ^[6] are the same with those of the Atlantic states and are found exclusively in the timbered country. The blue crested Corvus and the small white breasted do ^[7] have been previously discribed and are the natives of a piney country invariably, being found as well on the rocky mountains as on this coast.—    the lark ^[8] is found in the plains only and are the same with those before mentioned on the Missouri, and not very unlike what is called in Virginia the old field lark.— The large blueish brown or sandhill Crain are found in the valley of the Rocky mountains in Summer and Autumn where they raise their young, and in the winter and begining of spring on this river below tidewater and on this coast. they are the same as those common to the Southern and Western States where they are most generally known by the name of the Sandhill crain. The vulture ^[9] has also been discribed.    there are two species of the fly-catch, a small redish brown species ^[10] with a short tail, round body, short neck and short pointed beak.    they have some fine black specks intermixed with the uniform redish brown.    this the same with that which remains all winter in Virginia where it is sometimes called the wren.    the second species ^[11] has lately returned and dose not remain here all winter. it's colours are a yellowish brown on the back head neck wings and tail the breast and belley of a yellowish white; the tail is in proportion as the wren but it is a size smaller than that bird.    it's beak is streight pointed convex reather lage at the base and the chaps of equal length.    the first species is the smallest, in short it is the smalest bird that I have ever seen in America except the humming bird.    both these species are found in the woody country only or at least I have never seen them elsewhere.