Journals of the
Lewis & Clark Expedition

It is a pleasure to acknowledge again all those persons who have helped with this new edition of the journals. The individuals named in volume 2 have continued with their encouragement and assistance, while the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation has given financial support, as has Lyle S. Woodcock of St. Louis. Other persons have been aiding the project more recently: Jeffery R. Hanson, University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, John Ludwickson, Nebraska State Historical Society, and Thomas O. Holtzer, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, answered some difficult ethnological, archaeological, and entomological questions, while Vernon Volpe, University of Nebraska, and Jennifer Frost of the project, assisted in the research tasks.

Linguistic data in the notes were provided by the following individuals. Dakota language: Raymond J. DeMallie, Indiana University. Dakota words are written in the orthography of Eugene Buechel, A Dictionary of the Teton Dakota Sioux Language, edited by Paul Manhart (Pine Ridge: Red Cloud Indian School, 1970). All words are accented on the second syllable unless otherwise indicated. Arikara language: Douglas R. Parks, Indiana University. Hidatsa language: A. Wesley Jones, Mary College, Bismarck, North Dakota. Mandan language: Robert C. Hollow, State Historical Society of North Dakota. Arikara, Hidatsa, and Mandan words are written in the orthographies given in Douglas R. Parks, A. Wesley Jones, and Robert C. Hollow, eds., Earth Lodge Tales From the Upper Missouri: Traditional Stories of the Arikara, Hidatsa, and Mandan (Bismarck: Mary College, 1978), pp. 122–24. Two changes have been made in the Mandan orthography: extra-short vowels are written here raised above the line instead of using smaller type size, and nasal vowels are marked by ŋ instead of by a smaller type size n.